CALCIFICATION OF ARTERIES IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CAUSES AND MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT

The paper shows analogies between the mechanisms of calcification arteries, various tissues and bone mineralization. In same are involved, as at ossification an organic matrix a bone, including participation stem cells. arteries capillaries organs found polypotent precursors – mesenchymal cells, presumably responsible for pathological mineralization arterial wall. Circulating in blood present intima human atheromatous aorta colony-forming cells stromal line differentiation. Adventitia or pericytes considered pluripotent reserve replenishment some cellular forms connective tissue. Bone marrow differentiation with presence granulomas (plaques) their transformation into tissue involved atherogenesis. Smooth muscle (SMCs) myofibroblasts wall adventitia have osteoblast-like phenotype. Collagen elastic fibers vessels soft tissues. Calcification accompanies inflammatory morphogenesis, accompanied by development scar It often completes inflammation them. This process is observed gradual replacement parenchyma mineral phase bones tissues, represented calcium (Ca) phosphate (P), contacts nucleators - specific areas collagen fibers. Non-collagen proteins also calcification. With progression atherosclerosis granulomas/plaques wall, osteonectin expressed. Osteopontin content associated Ca deposits them; particular, it correlates level coronary arteries. processes calcification, phosphatases play certain role. granulomas/plaques, osteoprotegerin found, which inhibits activity alkaline phosphatase prevents media. Arterial inhibited fetuin-A γ-carboxyglutaric protein (MGP). rate formation depends on concentration P plasma extracellular fluid. high fluid, appears where normally does not exist. Lipids among initiators granuloma / plaque role necrosis confirmed experiments animals repeated intravenous injections adrenaline, causes focal middle membrane, then undergoes walls, heart muscle, cartilage tissue, osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, sialoprotein formed. general, poorly understood. There no effective remedies